Ranking Every Souls Boss
#19 - #1
The boss fights within the Souls series are some of the most compelling, dynamic and challenging in the industry. Many of them demand excellence when approached. They do not give quarter and we, the player, expect none. You must master the mechanics, persist through death, and, above all, learn from your mistakes in order to come out victorious. Regardless, some fights were clearly superior to others and, in order to make my opinions a little more balanced, I devised a five category, 50-point system to rank each of the bosses. The categories are Gameplay, Lore, Originality, Challenge, and Entertainment. Below, I go into detail about each category which I encourage you to read because it informs the bosses point totals. For example, Challenge is not just about how difficult it is but also about whether or not the difficulty is organic and fair (looking at you Ancient Dragon). Additionally, I'd like to note that I'm not including the Chalice Dungeon bosses on this list. Thanks for reading and please enjoy full list!
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Gameplay
This encompasses the actions that you're taking during a boss. Are you frantically trying to avoid attacks and desperately chuggin Estus or are you trying to dodge randomly falling platforms that will instantly kill you. The way that a fight utilizes interesting mechanics will increase this score such as the tense Executioner Chariot battle while poor design choices will hurt this score like the Bed of Chaos falling platforms.
Lore
Lore takes a few aspects of a fight into account. This include the quality of the backstory of the character, the amount of investment you have when facing them, and overall environment and aesthetics of a fight. Are you fighting some random dude in a nondescript cave with no pertinence to the story or are battling a legendary figure of old in a glorious cathedral? Much of the time, the quality of the location and relevance of the story can be enough to elevate a boss into excellence.
Originality
How original is the concept for this boss? Is this the same design that From Software used before or is it something fresh? A unique design goes a long way in making a boss memorable. Large dudes with big swords and growling, burning demons are fairly commonplace but can set themselves a part with interesting mechanics or move sets.
Challenge
Not only does this score take into account the actual difficulty of a boss but also how 'fair' it is. What this means is whether or not a player can anticipate and counter a bosses attacks, no matter how difficult they are. The best bosses are demanding in terms of reaction time but never unfair in either their move set or how much damage they do (looking at you Ancient Dragon).
Entertainment
This score is more about gut reaction to a boss. How much fun did I have when fighting it? Was it exciting and interesting? Did I get a rush of adrenaline when defeating it or was it merely a roadblock before getting to the better battles? It's hard to define and tabulate what gives certain encounters that elusive magic but some have it and some don't.
Without further adieu, here's number 19 through number 1 of the best bosses in the Souls series!
19. Abyss Watchers
Gameplay - 9.4 * Lore - 9.0 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.0 * Entertainment - 9.2
Total - 46.6/50.0
The Abyss Watchers have one of the most interesting boss designs that I have ever seen in a video game. It's a rare sight to see the boss start to fight
itself. Aggressive and unrelenting, the first Abyss Watcher attacks with staggeringly powerful slashes, sliding and drifting across the battlefield. Soon, however, you feel as though you're able to figure out this opponent. Then, a second Watcher rises, then a third, and they start attacking each other. It's just an incredible experience to sit back and watch the action unfold. Soon, you close out the fight and while it was cool, it was not exactly difficult. Then, the first rises again, wreathed in flames and a new fight ensues, where the arcing slashes leave fire in their wake. This fight is simply terrific, with exciting gameplay and even more exciting mechanics, perfectly integrating lore into the action without costing the encounter any of its deadliness. Easily one of the best fights in Dark Souls III, the Abyss Watchers continues to be memorable to this day.
18. Flamelurker
Gameplay - 9.4 * Lore - 8.0 * Originality - 9.5 * Challenge - 10.0 * Entertainment - 9.8
Total - 46.7/50.0
The Flamelurker boss fight is the pinnacle of challenge in the world of Demon's Souls. Sure you'll have some edgelords out there tell you that it was an easy fight but the truth is that Flamelurker was a brutal, punishing fight especially considering the pacing of the overall combat of the rest of the game which is slow and deliberate where the Flamelurker demands precision and speed. His AoE slams skirt the edge of fairness where sometimes you'll feel like you shouldn't have been hit by them but once you get a feel for the timing, the battle turns into more of a dance with each participant moving and responding to each other. Additionally, crafty players who read item descriptions and risk dangerous exploration (or those who check the wiki before they go into a boss fight, tsk, tsk) can gain an undeniable advantage in tackling this boss by equipping the purple shield that resists fire. However, even with that crutch, the Flamelurker is easily the most intimidating boss in Demon's Souls, simultaneously nimble and monstrously powerful.
17. Chaos Witch Quelaag
Gameplay - 9.6 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 9.8 * Challenge - 8.0 * Entertainment - 9.4
Total - 46.8/50.0
Chaos Witch Quelaag certainly subverts expectations when you first encounter her, panning up from horrible demon to beautiful woman and coming to the shocking conclusion that they are one in the same. Somehow, the crisp animations and fluid attacks make this abomination of fire and flesh seem plausible. The fight becomes dynamic in a natural and understandable way without clumsy tutorials or button prompts by having Quelaag spew lava across the floor which will burn you if you touch it before it dissipates. You instantly know that you must adapt your playstyle and fight progression to dodge this new danger, changing the nature of the battle. Combine this with a host of other appropriate and dangerous moves, including a massive AoE to prevent spamming, and Quelaag is an exciting fight. With that being said, she genuinely is not that hard to defeat even on the first couple of runs. However, what she lacks in challenge, she certainly makes up for in lore significance as one of the daughters of chaos, twisted by the Witch of Izalith's failed attempt to reignite the first flame. But the final nail in the coffin is the tragedy of her sister with whom you can speak only if you have a specific ring. It's a moving and tragic conversation that really elevates the stakes of the boss you previously killed. Good work, From Software, good work.
16. False King Allant
Gameplay - 9.6 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 9.4 * Challenge - 8.4 * Entertainment - 9.4
Total - 47.0/50.0
False King Allant is the culmination of all expectation in Demon's Souls and he does not disappoint. Impeccably dressed and viciously powerful, the pretender king can chase you down across the entire battlefield or engage in a fast-firing melee combo that can devastate your health. Additionally, he's the only enemy in the soul series, thankfully, to use one of the most insidious mechanics ever created. If he grabs you, he will literally suck the
levels out of you. That's right, your hard earned experience levels that you've poured your souls into can get diminished just by getting hit by an attack. It's an unbelievably tense mechanic and more than a few deaths will come from simply trying to avoid that attack at all costs just to get killed by his other moves. Furthermore, the massive blue dragon that hangs sentry before his boss fight will continually smash the building and cause the ground to shake if you don't kill it before this boss fight. It is yet another smart integration of the world into a boss fight. Lore wise, this is the big baddie, the one that released the great demon, so that he could take over the Boletarian world. He's the most literal villain in the Souls series and there's something refreshing about that, where you feel like you're defeating the worst of the worst and they deserve it.
15. Dancer of the Boreal Valley
Gameplay - 9.8 * Lore - 8.4 * Originality - 9.8 * Challenge - 9.6 * Entertainment - 9.6
Total - 47.2/50.0
Graceful, balletic, ethereal. All of these words could describe the movements of the Dancer of the Boreal Valley. Unrushed yet viper-quick, she nearly floats her way across the battlefield, giving the impression that she's submerged in some liquid that we cannot see. It's quite an adjustment to try and compensate for her odd movements in order to defeat her. Make no mistake, when she hits, she hits hard, carving great chunks of your health way with each hit. The ferocious grab attack in her first phase is absolutely nuts as it can easily one-shot most players. The dynamic environment is dazzling to watch as well, with each swing of her sword igniting staircases and bookshelves across the room. It's a thrilling experience, adapting to this devious foe and one of the best examples of From Software combining beauty and deadliness in the franchise. Additionally, her lore is relatively interesting with some not so subtle hints pointing that this elongated monster is actually one of the daughters of Gwyndolin, deformed by Pontiff Sulyvahn. Alongside the fact that it is made clear that Vordt of the Boreal Valley will never leave her side, it leads to some good speculation about their origins. Each and every piece of the design of the Dancer comes together in a terrific, mysterious boss fight that is utterly transportative and spellbindingly unique.
14. Four Kings
Gameplay - 9.6 * Lore - 9.4 * Originality - 9.8 * Challenge - 9.4 * Entertainment - 9.2
Total - 47.4/50.0
To continue the trend of mechanically interesting and lore intensive boss fights, the Four Kings hold domain over the Abyss, an endless stretch of darkness. The first king appears on the horizon, a grey smear on a black background. As you make your way towards it, it begins to gain definition and reveals itself as an otherworldly humanoid figure, with scraps of fabric flying all around it. Reminiscent of the ring wraiths of Lord of the Rings as seen when the ring of power is donned, it tosses magic and slashes at you in an attempt to violently expunge you from the Abyss. Alone it doesn't appear to be an unbeatable challenge. But then a familiar sound rings in the background and just beyond the periphery of your vision, another grey smear materializes on the horizon. Suddenly, the tension ratchets up as you desperately try and kill the first king before the second arrives. More than anything, this fight necessitates putting out huge damage very quickly even if it means that you take significant damage. This is diametric mentality switch to the style of gameplay that you become accustomed to for the majority of the game which is taking things slow, looking for openings, and preserving your health pool. It's fascinating change of pace that forces you out of your comfort zone in order to achieve success. Beyond all of the mechanics, the lore behind this fight is fascinating revealing a crumbling society enticed by the allure of the power of the Abyss and subsequently falling into violent upheaval. Yet again, everything comes together to deliver one of the most memorable fights in Souls history.
13. Orphan of Kos
Gameplay - 9.3 * Lore - 9.8 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.0 * Entertainment - 9.4
Total - 47.7/50.0
As the final boss for the Old Hunters DLC, Orphan of Kos had a lot to live up to. It had to provide an adequately poignant closing for the story of the curse, it had to deliver a challenging fight, and it had to live up to the excellence of both Lady Maria and Ludwig, the Accursed. Fortunately, Orphan of Kos absolutely nails all of these aspects with a twist of expectations and a clear-cut ending to the curse, a completely original and daunting boss fight, and an experience that easily stands on its own two feet without being compared to the previous encounters. Even the way that the Orphan enters into the world, crawling unceremoniously out of its progenitor's body, covered in mucus and slime, wielding its own placenta as a weapon, is a strikingly new vision within Bloodborne and the Souls series as a whole. The battle itself is fast-paced and dangerous, with the Orphan cutting wide arcs and leaping athletically at you from any distance. When the second phase hits, the fight takes on a sense of chaos with the Orphan flailing around, jumping all over the arena, and even summoning blasts of lightning from the corpse on the beach. While at first his attacks seem completely uncounterable, there is a method to the madness if you give yourself the time and space to discover them.
12. Burnt Ivory King
Gameplay - 9.4 * Lore - 9.8 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.2 * Entertainment - 9.4
Total - 47.8/50.0
Standing as the only boss from Dark Souls II to make it into the top twenty bosses from the Soulsborne games, the Burnt Ivory King really is in a class of his own from Dark Souls II. The first time that you attempt to face off against him, you are mercilessly slaughtered by the legions of minions that spawn in the arena leaving you wondering how you're supposed to come out victorious. The ingenious set up to this battle spans the entire area of the DLC as you gradually recruit Loyce knights that have yet to be corrupted by the Chaos. This mechanic alone would have landed the Burnt Ivory King a top spot on this list but the thrilling battle that ensues once you descend back is truly unique among Soulsborne boss design. Finally, the eponymous Burnt Ivory King appears out of the fire and if you thought that he might go easy on you considering how many of his knights we had to dispatch, you would be sadly mistaken. His lightning-quick attacks combined with their innate power leave precious few moments for counter attacks or healing. Overall, this is a stunningly original design for a boss fight with deep roots in the game's lore and a climactic final encounter.
11. Ebrietas, Daughter of the Cosmos
Gameplay - 9.2 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.6 * Entertainment - 9.2
Total - 48.0/50.0
Ebrietas is the keystone to the entire story and world of Bloodborne. For a brief recap on the story, Byrgenwerth scholars find something in the chalice dungeons (Ebrietas) whose blood has mysterious healing properties. They minister Ebrietas' blood to the populace using it as a religion to gain power which in turn creates the scourge of beasts. They hide her under the Grand Cathedral because that's where they do their blood ministration. Basically, without this specific boss, there would be no Bloodborne. Beyond her momentous lore importance, Ebrietas actually presents one of the toughest challenges in the entire game. Her tentacles sweep a generous area in front of her and her charge is one of the most insane attacks to dodge on time. Her second phase mixes in both insane arcane attacks and everyone's favorite mechanic, frenzy. All of this is to say nothing about how utterly disgusting and otherworldly she looks with her amorphous tentacle limbs, latticed wings, and a face that's split down the middle with maggots growing in the gash. As far as Eldritch horror goes, it does not get any more cosmically unexplainable than Ebrietas.
10. Manus, Father of the Abyss
Gameplay - 9.4 * Lore - 9.6 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.6 * Entertainment - 9.6
Total - 48.2/50.0
Ah, finally we are breaching the hallowed top ten bosses in Souls history. Yes, indeed. And what better way to start than with the the Father of the Abyss himself. Manus, the final boss of the Artorias Abysswalker DLC, is an unbelievably fun, dangerous and wicked adversary. Literally ripping you back in time with his enormous hand, he has instigated the downfall of Oolacile and begun the creeping inevitability of the Abyss throughout Lordran. There are whispers that Manu, Father of the Abyss may be the furtive pygmy with limited evidence but just enough to make you wonder. In other words, he has an appropriately murky background while actively having an influence on the present Oolacile. When you actually face off against this force of nature, you are in for one nail-biting and ferocious fight. Between his massive catalyst with which he bludgeons you as often as he fires arena-wide dark magic and his oversized paw that stretches unnaturally long distances, Manus does not mess around when it comes to destroying you. The Father of the Abyss is the villain that introduced me to combo kill mechanics in a boss fight. Getting caught in the attack directly after he roars will result in him stagger-locking you while he juggles you around with various attacks that collectively do massive damage. It was quite the experience the first time around. But what really brings Manus over the top is fact that you can summon Sif to help you fight him. Fighting alongside Sif is just an exhilarating experience that is one of the best moments in the series.
9. Lady Maria
Gameplay - 10.0 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 9.4 * Challenge - 9.0 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 48.4/50.0
More than anything, battling Lady Maria feels like a duel between two, evenly-matched, battle-hardened warriors. Wielding her deadly Rakuyo, she strikes with wickedly fast combos and remains aggressive throughout the fight, constantly pressing her advantage and punishing those who remain defensive. As a player, you must push back and push back hard. Once you learn the tells of the moves that are unstaggerable, it's all about keeping the damage up and not allowing her to land one of her combos. Twice throughout the fight, she morphs into a new and deadlier form, first utilizing blood as a weapon like the Chikage weapon which extends her range immensely, preventing anyone from keeping out of he reach. Then again she changes her moveset while adding a lingering fire effect to her attacks. The genius of the design here is that each stage prepares you for the next while also challenging you to adapt to a new mechanic. As you continue to aggressively try to chip her health down, she's gaining new mechanics on to the same moveset so you don't have to relearn everything during each stage of the fight. And all of this is not to mention the stunning story significance that she holds both in the DLC itself and in the overall game. After all, not everyone's the inspiration for the doll in the Hunter's Dream. Lady Maria is a brilliant, tense, and highly-engaging boss fight that rewards aggression and timing while continuously becoming more and more challenging in a fair and appropriate way. It's a glorious fight.
8. Sister Friede and Father Ariandel
Gameplay - 9.8 * Lore - 9.8 * Originality - 9.5 * Challenge - 9.4 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 48.5/50.0
Despite the fact that the Ashes of Ariandel DLC was undercooked as a whole, this boss fight is one of the best in the series and it certainly picked up a ton of slack. To get all of the basics out of the way, Sister Friede is an important lore character, the fight is challenging and fun, and the mechanics are fresh and exciting. With all of that being said, there's something that's hard to explain or define about this stunning, three-stage fight that really elevates it above the competition. Is it the fact that she is vaguely nostalgic of Priscilla while being a completely different experience? Is it the climactic, duel boss with both Friede and Father Ariandel trying to annihilate you? Or is it the explosively surprising ignition of the third-phase, when Friede rises from the ground, wreathed in black fire, in her most challenging form yet? Combine all of these with pitch-perfect cutscenes that set the environment and you truly have something special here. This fight is one of the most memorable and challenging experiences of the souls series and really saved Ashes from Ariandel from being a disappointment.
7. Great Grey Wolf Sif
Gameplay - 9.4 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.2 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 48.6/50.0
Before the Artorias of the Abyss DLC dropped, Sif would have been a bit lower on my list. Don't get me wrong, the design here is genius. Crossing swords with a literal wolf is utterly epic and the battle is fast-paced and engaging. Even the original design of a giant wolf wielding the sword of his former master as he watches over that same master's grave is an appropriately poignant Dark Souls moment. However, he's certainly the easiest boss in my top twenty bosses and, generally speaking, I value challenge relatively highly. However, with the addition of the Artorias content, the entire experience changes with not only the relationship you have with the Great Grey Wolf Sif evolving and strengthening but also the entire entrance cutscene to his boss fight was altered to a scene that practically brought tears to my eyes. As one of the most diverse, thought provoking and iconic characters in the entirety of the lore, Great Grey Wolf Sif is an absolute pleasure to defeat every single time that I encounter him.
6. Knight Artorias
Gameplay - 10.0 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 9.2 * Challenge - 9.7 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 48.9/50.0
As soon as the Artorias the Abysswalker DLC was announced, everyone knew that the titular Artorias would be introduced as a boss. Skeptics came out of the woodwork as they so often do nowadays, saying that there was no way that the fight could live up to the hype behind him. Boy were they wrong. What a boss Artorias is, living up to everyone's expectations and then surpassing them with his relentless, devastating combat style and a fluidity still seems magical to this day. I also have to mention the stunning arena that this engagement takes place. Held within a massive coliseum, Artorias awaits you, corrupted by the Abyss, a shadow of the legend that you've heard of. A shadow, perhaps, in emotion and intelligence but he seems just as capable with his iconic blade. Artorias is, without a doubt, one of the most recognizable characters from the series as a whole, the tragedy of a valiant knight fallen to the darkness. He's a terrific character, he's a terrific boss, and I'm overjoyed that I will soon get to face him again in Dark Souls Remastered.
5. Gehrman, The First Hunter
Gameplay - 10.0 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 9.5 * Challenge - 9.8 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 49.3/50.0
The final boss of Bloodborne, discounting the Moon Presence, perfectly encapsulates the Bloodborne experience in one stellar, climactic battle. Something macabre lurks upon a field of beautiful yet ominous flowers. Your old mentor sits alone beneath the tree. He offers a choice: freedom and death or truth and pain. Rejecting his choices opens the best final boss that From Software has ever produced, a frantic, brutal brawl where you and the first of hunters duke it out in the Hunter's Dream. Gehrman doesn't hold anything back with sweeping ranged attacks, vicious close-combat combos, and even occasionally whipping his blunderbuss out to stagger and visceral attack you to death. Obviously, his lore significance is immense both to the primary plotline and to the story of the DLC and he is one of the architects of the despair that you find in Yharnam, even if unwittingly so. Furthermore, the utter perfection of the atmosphere within the arena (a field of white flowers with the house in the dream burning behind it, the moon glowing frighteningly red overhead) is spellbinding all on it's own. Truly, Bloodborne went out with a huge, glorious bang with the excellence of Gehrman.
4. Slave Knight Gael
Gameplay - 10.0 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.5 * Entertainment - 9.8
Total - 49.5/50.0
Speaking about going out with a bang, how about the last Souls boss ever? From Software and the entire, massive Souls community knew that this fight better be something spectacular, something memorable and hypnotizing. It was going to be the last boss that was ever played by the Souls community and quality boss designs are one of the pillars upon which From Software has built it's brand name. And my god, it was awesome. I mean literal filled with awe. A brand new mechanic with the introduction of an essentially never-ending boss arena; a three-stage encounter with unique mechanics throughout; and a highly relevant, beautifully realized villain and arena. There is nothing more to ask for here. The thrilling music serves to elevate the action with a resounding orchestra and choral line pulsing in the background. Even the weather effects escalate, darkening and flashing with lightning. And the fight itself? Gael's first, unpredictable phase is completely chaotic, with him throwing his body around like a rag doll on all fours trying to crush you. Then he stands up, holding his sword like a knight before finally going full madman with his ghostly cloak whipping around him and summoning lightning strikes from the storm above. It truly is a masterclass in both design and escalation.
3. Nameless King
Gameplay - 9.8 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 9.8 * Challenge - 10.0 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 49.6/50.0
No matter how good the fight with Slave Knight Gael is though, nothing will beat out my favorite boss in Dark Souls 3: The Nameless King. A historic, storied figure in the lore of the first Dark Souls, the lost son of Gwyn is finally found and he's not alone. Rather he rides atop an enormous storm drake, allying himself with his father's old enemies. Truly, this boss gave me goosebumps the first time I traversed the fog, slowly, silently descending from the sky, feathered wings carrying an indefinable figure. Wow. Then the exquisite battle to come was truly magnificent. I've heard that some people had problems with the camera in this battle, and while that tiny nitpick does occasionally happen, if you simply stand in front of the drake, then there are no issues. Regardless, that simple issue is actually what holds me from putting this stunning entry as number one. Once you take down the gorgeous drake, the real fight truly begins with The Nameless King possessing incredible range and dexterity not to mention staggering his attacks with little pauses to throw people who just spam their dodge button off. Personally, I loved it. It forced me to recognize each and every move and develop strategies to beat them which is one of my favorite pastimes in any game for any boss. Truly, this fight was something special on every level, from the setting to the lore, from fight to the challenge, it set a new bar for how boss fights should be.
2. Ludwig the Accursed
Gameplay - 10.0 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 9.8 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 49.8/50.0
While I get that we're in the grand-slam, knock it out of the park quality section of this list but, still, Ludwig the Accursed and his successor Ludwig the Holy Blade are practically perfect in every way. First off, you've got to hand it to From Software for creating one of the foulest, most hideous beasts ever to grace any video game and then, somehow, make it realistic when it dashes around with nimble dexterity trying to stompy you into a pulpy mush. Then you add the highly relevant lore significance, the inclusion of the mythical Moonlight Blade, and the real life inspiration from Buddhism demon horse tormenting the souls sent to hell who are trapped forever in a river of blood and you've got all the makings of the perfect background. But what does that matter if the gameplay is bad? Nothing. Fortunately for everyone, going toe to toe with Ludwig is one of the most satisfying, infuriating, and exhilarating things to do on any gaming platform ever. Each moment could be your last yet it feels fair and balanced when he attacks. He just narrowly avoid that line of unfair response timing making for some of the most harrowing and rewarding game moments. Defeating this monster gives you that iconic wave of euphoria and is genuinely one of the best moments in gaming that I've ever had.
1. Dragonslayer Ornstein and Executioner Smough
Gameplay - 10.0 * Lore - 10.0 * Originality - 10.0 * Challenge - 10.0 * Entertainment - 10.0
Total - 50.0/50.0
Finally, we come to the end. Is there such thing as a perfect boss? As far as I can tell, the closest to such a feat is this magnificent duo. Expertly designed, thoroughly challenging, completely unique, Dragonslayer Ornstein and Executioner Smough are the biggest, baddest names when it comes to Dark Souls. They are boogeymen who haunt people's dreams at night and plague their minds at night. Unrivaled in their dominance, there's not a player alive who can honestly say that they didn't fall to Pikachu and Snorlax on their first playthrough. Ornstein is agile and quick while Smough lumbers at you with his massive hammer, they play off each other perfectly. This battle, even to seasoned veterans, demands excellence because they will punish anyone not fully invested in the battle. Learning how to deal with their onslaught remains to this day my best memory of the Dark Souls franchise. Each new boss that each new game introduced attempted to live up to their quality but they are on a pedestal all on their own, in the upper echelon of gaming moments of all time. Truly, the real Dark Souls started here and I thank my lucky stars that I was able to be apart of it.
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